Hildebrandt, Carl Sohn, Heinrich Mücke, Christian Koehler, H. Plüddemann, Eduard Bendemann, Theodor Mintrop, Friedrich Ittenbach, Ernest Deger.--Why their pictures, despite technical merits, have become antiquated 157 CHAPTER VIII THE LEGACY OF GERMAN ROMANTICISM Alfred Rethel and Moritz Schwind oppose the Roman with the German tradition.--Their pictures and drawings 167 CHAPTER IX THE FORERUNNERS OF ROMANTICISM IN FRANCE Last years of the David school wearisome and without character, except in portrait painting.--François Gérard, the "King of Painters and Painter of Kings"; his portraits of the Empire and Restoration periods.--Commencement of the revolt: Pierre Paul Prudhon; his pictures and the story of his life; Constance Mayer.--Revival of colouring.--Antoine Jean Gros and his pictures of contemporary life; discrepancy between his teaching and his practice 189 CHAPTER X THE GENERATION OF 1830 The revolt of the Romanticists against Classicism in literature and art.--Théodore Géricault and his early works.--"The Raft of the Medusa."--Eugène Delacroix: protest against the conventional, and renewed importance of colour.--Delacroix's pictures; influence of the East upon him.--His life and struggles.--The Classical reaction.--J. A. D. Ingres and the opposition to Romanticism.--His classical pictures.--Excellence of his portraits and drawings 219 CHAPTER XI JUSTE-MILIEU Moderation the watchword of Louis Philippe's reign, in politics, literature, and art.--Jean Gigoux, a follower of Delacroix and an inexorable realist.--Eugène Isabey.--Middle position occupied by Ary Scheffer between the Classical and the Romantic schools; decline of his popularity.--Hippolyte Flandrin, as a religious painter a French counterpart to the Nazarenes.--Paul Chenavard, compared to Cornelius.--Théodore Chassériau; his short and brilliant career.--Léon Benouville.--Léon Cogniet and his pictures.--Transition from the Romantic school to the historical painters.--The great writers of history: renewed activity in this field: historical tragedies and romances.--Art takes a similar course: popularity and facility of historical painting.--Eugène Devéria; Camille Roqueplan.--Nicolaus Robert Fleury; Louis Boulanger.--Paul Delaroche; his popularity and its causes; his defects as a painter.--Delaroche's pictures.--Thomas Couture 255 CHAPTER XII THE POST-ROMANTIC GENERATION France under the Second Empire; the society of the period not represented in French art.--Continuation of the old traditions without essential change.--Alexandre Cabanel.--William Bouguereau.--Jules Lefébure.--Henner.--Paul Baudry: his pictures; decoration of the Grand Opera House.--Élie Delaunay: his pictures, decorative painting, and portraits.--The "Genre féroce"; predilection for the horrible in art.--Numerous painters of this school.--Laurens.--Rochegrosse and his pictures.--Henri Regnault 278 CHAPTER XIII THE HISTORICAL SCHOOL OF PAINTING IN BELGIUM Belgium to 1830.--David and his school.--Navez, Matthias van Bree.--Gustav Wappers, Nicaise de Keyzer, Henri Decaisne, Gallait, Bièfve.--Ernest Slingeneyer, Guffens and Swerts.--The Exhibition of Belgian pictures in Germany 301 CHAPTER XIV THE REVOLUTION OF THE GERMAN COLOURISTS Anselm Feuerbach, Victor Müller.--The Berlin school: Rudolf Henneberg, Gustav Richter, Knille, Schrader, and others.--The Munich school: Piloty, Hans Makart, Gabriel Max.--The historical painters and the end of the illustrative painting of history 317 CHAPTER XV THE VICTORY OVER PSEUDO-IDEALISM The Historical Picture of Manners as opposed to Historical Painting, an advance in the direction of intimacy of feeling.--The Antique Picture of Manners: Charles Gleyre, Louis Hamon, Gérôme, Gustave Boulanger.--The Picture of Costume from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.--France: Charles Comte, Alexander Hesse, Camille Roqueplan.--Belgium: Alexander Markelbach, Florent Willems.--Germany: L. v. Hagn, Gustav Spangenberg, Carl Becker.--The importance of Hendrik Leys, Ernest Meissonier, and Adolf Menzel as mediators between the past and ordinary life, between the heroic art of the first half of the nineteenth century and the intimate art of the second half 363 BIBLIOGRAPHY 391 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES IN COLOUR PAGE ANTON GRAFF: Portrait of Himself _Frontispiece_ REYNOLDS: Mrs. Siddons 20 GAINSBOROUGH: The Sisters 38 GREUZE: The Milkmaid 58 CHARDIN: The House of Cards 64 WATTEAU: Fête Champêtre 74 ANGELICA KAUFFMANN: Portrait of a Lady as a Vestal 86 ELIZABETH VIGÉE-LEBRUN: Portrait of the Painter with...